Cadburys Dairy Milk and Milk Tray adverts effective or patronizing Essay Example

Cadburys Dairy Milk and Milk Tray adverts: effective or patronizing Paper In this essay I shall be discussing two Cadburys adverts, the current (2007) Dairy Milk advert and the 1980s Milk Tray advert. I shall be looking at whether these adverts are effective or patronizing. The Cadburys Dairy Milk advert is about a drum playing gorilla playing to the Phil Collins song In the Air Tonight. The gorilla portrayed is a masculine figure we can see this by the strength portrayed in his muscles as he plays the drums. Cadburys chose the gorilla image for their advert because they felt it would leave people talking about the particular advert, thus extending their advertising market beyond viewers only. The advert is interesting and amusing thus luring people into watching the advert for longer amounts of time. Often viewers, after watching an advert a few times, will use advert breaks as an opportunity to go out and make a cup of tea to test the validity of this statement, notice how adverts are usually louder than the programme, this is so that the viewer is still influenced by the advert despite not being in the same room as the television. For very effective adverts, the viewer enjoys them so much that they not only tell their friends about them, but also look forward to the advert oming on and stay to watch them for their own sake rather than for what they are advertising. Some people might find this advert effective because of the entertaining way that the gorilla plays the drums and the way his emotional playing links with the words and music of the song. Would anyone find this advert patronizing and if so why? In order for an advert to be patronizing, it must be condescending so the question could be would anyone think the advert had little to do with the product (Dairy Milk chocolate) and treat the viewer as unintelligent, only to be entertained rather than informed. We will write a custom essay sample on Cadburys Dairy Milk and Milk Tray adverts: effective or patronizing specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Cadburys Dairy Milk and Milk Tray adverts: effective or patronizing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Cadburys Dairy Milk and Milk Tray adverts: effective or patronizing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We need to consider therefore what the advert is advertising, and does it do so effectively, or does it assume the viewer is stupid and needs no information, but will respond in future to the sight of a gorilla or the Phil Collins song with a desire for Dairy Milk chocolate. Some people might find it patronizing compared to previous adverts which Cadbury have done. They may think that Cadburys is relating the advert to chocolate, and others would think about why Cadburys have chosen this advert to advertise for Dairy Milk. There is no doubt that this advert is successful as a talking point and all the different versions on You Tube prove its popularity as a type of cult advert. However, have sales gone up? To consider the image Cadburys is trying to relate to this product it is interesting to compare the advert to the highly successful 1980s Milk Tray advert which had a James Bond theme. This advert was effective as it suggested that if a person bought Dairy Milk or was given a box of Milk Tray, then they were worthy of a lot of effort on the part of the one who bought it for them. They were highly valued and loved. This is because in the advert, the man is proving the woman worth fighting for as he will go through any trials to get his chocolate delivered and all because the lady loves Milk Tray. There is repetition in this saying: because and loves sort of rhymes and repetition is a subtle way to get adverts stuck in our heads. People in the 2000s may think this advert is patronizing because it is sexist because it is a man not a woman doing all the dangerous tasks to get the Milk Tray for a woman who is receiving the chocolate. However, the gorilla advert suggests strong masculinity too but in a more subtle way. These two adverts link because of the way they are portrayed. The gorilla advert is an unusual advert and so is the Milk Tray advert. Both adverts try to urge you into buying the chocolate to impress whoever you are getting it for, as well as enjoying and talking about it afterwards. Technically, the camera shots change between each frame in both the Milk Tray and the Dairy Milk adverts. There are many camera shots, from low-angle to extreme close-up shots especially when the gorilla grunts at the camera for coming to close to him. Both techniques are there to create a feeling of excitement in the viewer. The man in the Milk Tray advert is portrayed as extremely brave as he keeps a straight face, showing no fear through all his escapades. In the gorilla advert it is we the viewers who are brave as we look the gorilla in the eye, without fear. There is little lighting used in the Dairy Milk advert which creates an intimate sensation, drawing the viewer into the action and emotion of the moment. There is just a background with the Cadbury image on the back and a plain light when the gorilla plays the drums, which keeps us focusing on the gorilla, with the name of the product in our minds eye. The Milk Tray uses lighting techniques to excite in the final frames as the man is underwater and bright light when he is jumping from the cliff and in the room. Both adverts use lighting effectively to create similar emotions in the viewer. It is clear that both the Dairy Milk and the Milk Tray adverts try to use a masculine figure, to target men to buy their products by linking the product to extreme masculinity. Women on the other hand, it is suggested, will feel special and well taken care of by a strong masculine figure if they buy or receive these products. We may wonder why Cadburys have decided to use a gorilla rather than a good looking male model/musician. Maybe they wanted to avoid an obvious sexist stereotyping; maybe they were conscious of the impact and popularity of the new King Kong movie and wished to use the same image of a big strong animal which will become loving and caring through love. Additionally, we need to consider the success and effectiveness of these adverts in two ways. Firstly from the point of view of sales figures (this shows the company how effective the advert was) and in terms of whether we remember the advert or the advert and the product. In terms of the advert for Milk Tray, sales figures soared and people remembered what the advert was for due to the repetitious slogan and all because the lady loves Milk Tray. The gorilla advert seems effective as the sales figures show, hat while before the advert went out, this product was the most popular of the Cadbury chocolates but the sales figures were going down, yet since the advert went out the sales have gone up by 8%. To conclude, if we are to decide whether the adverts are patronizing or not, it seems to me that some people will feel patronized while others will feel entertained. Overall, due to sales figures and internet hits, I would suggest that the adverts have both been effective but whether they are patronizing or not is a matter of personal opinion.

Peter Pan Alice In Wonderland Essays

Peter Pan Alice In Wonderland Essays Peter Pan Alice In Wonderland Paper Peter Pan Alice In Wonderland Paper Essay Topic: Alice in Wonderland Lices Adventures in Wonderland Through the Looking Glass: Critique In Lewis Carols novel Lices Adventures in Wonderland Through the Looking Glass, the main character Alice transports into an incredible and fascinating world unlike any other. It has a twist on logic and messes with your mind, while bringing adults back to their childhood of imagination and creativity. Soon after Alice gets to this bonkers and unbalanced world she meets many strange creatures: A white rabbit who claims he is late for who knows what, a Caterpillar smoking a hookah, a Cheshire cat that comes and goes irregularly, the March Hare, the Mad Hatter, and a very tired dormouse that tends to fall asleep periodically. Alice makes friends with these extraordinary characters and enjoys some short adventures with them. Alice soon after meets the King and Queen. The Queen, who is difficult to please, screeches her trademark phrase Off with his head! which she blasted at the slightest dissatisfaction with a subject. Later on Alice is in court as a witness, but displeases the King and Queen by not obeying orders. The Queen shouts her well- now line Off with her head! And the playing cards are sent to attack. Then Alice is awoken by her sister for tea. It was all a dream, yet it felt so real? This book makes us think, imagine, and believe in mad and crazy ideas. Uniform entirely bonkers, but let me tell you a secret: All the best people are. Peter Pan: Critique Peter Pan is a well-known and beloved story written by J. M. Barrier to tell of a wonderful world whe re you never grow up! Seems like the perfect place right? Well that is what Wendy, John, and Michael thought when the heard of this magical place. Peter lures them out and helps them to fly across the London sky. He tells them, Second to your right, and straight on till morning! Once they get there, the three children meet the Lost Boys who have been there for countless years. Everyone has an enjoyable time and sees many marvelous things. Soon though that entertaining time is put to a halt when the Lost Boys and Wendy brothers are taken by Indians. While this happens, Wendy is taken by the greedy and nasty pirate Captain Hook. The next chapters included deceit and trickery. Peter and Hook have a battle and free the Lost Boys, Wendy, John, and Michael. Peter becomes captain of the ship and takes the Darlings home. Peter Pan has and will always be a mix of adventures and fantasy. For adults it tells them about the inevitable loss of childhood. It shows there will always be a fight between yourself: Your youth (Peter Pan) and your darkness (Captain Hook). Do not take your childhood for granted, cherish every moment and if you are past that, make sure those around you do so. Peter Pan Alice In Wonderland By cheerleader

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 11

Summary - Essay Example They also advise and support the teachers planning the lessons, and assessing the transfer of knowledge occurred from the teacher to the students. Moreover, academic coaches encourage team teaching with the help of the colleagues and prepare the teaching environment for professional development. Struggling teachers will get assistance from academic coaches along with the struggling students. Academic coaches will meet the parents of students to discuss the progress of the students. Some students may have some peculiar learning styles or needs which the newly appointed teachers may not be aware of. In such situations, academic coaches will use their immense experiences to advice the teachers to develop proper learning strategies for such students. The presence of academic coaches in the classes will never affect either the students or the teacher. They know that the academic coaches are present only to help them out rather than punishing them. It is not necessary that academic teachers should present in all the classes. In fact these coaches attend the classes twice or thrice in every weeks and will provide the feedbacks both to the teachers and the students. In case, if an academic coach feels that his/her assistance is needed more in a particular class, he/she can improve the frequency of their visits to such classes. Academic coaches function not like the mentors. While the mentors may offer their service for a year, academic coaches would help the students and teachers for many years. Mentors often concentrate students and teachers on one to one basis whereas academic coaches concentrate on the development in one to one and in teams. Comprehensive induction or the proven records of abilities is necessary for most of the professions, but unfortunately teachers are mostly injected into the curriculum before they establish their credentials as a classroom teacher. Such teachers are

Diversity Within Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Diversity Within Organizations - Essay Example So this paper is aimed at finding valid answers to many different questions about diversity in the work settings. Globalization is fostering a world of diversity, and this trend presents challenges as opportunities. It is better to be well informed in this area of knowledge in order to make the best decisions when dealing with workplace diversity. Managing diversity within organizations requires tremendous efforts since managing uniformity is relatively easier. There are many tangible benefits of managing diversity in a business world that requires it. More and more diversity is becoming more important due to the globalization process and the diversity in the marketplace of products and services that are aimed at a diverse audience. Hickman (n.d.) stresses that managing diversity is "more challenging, expensive, time consuming, demanding, stressful, and prone to fail". But it is a necessary task to tackle this challenge of managing workplace diversity. Even though uniformity is easier to manage, it has some important drawbacks as Hickman remarks: "an abundance of research and experience shows that organizations and work environments with high levels of required uniformity inevitably stifle creativity and innovation, retard initiative-taking, prevent widespread accountability for results, limit freedom to expand and create value, and weaken individual motivation, commitment and fulfillment." (Hickman, n.d.). On the other hand, a diverse organization can be much more creative and competitive when it is manager through a unified vision. According to Hickman, "Diversity must be carefully and constantly nurtured, because creating an organization is a lot like leveling ground. Both activities create new space where the initial staffing or first species will attempt to dominate and control diversity. The very act of establishing and staffing an organization begins a process of limiting diversity, unless diversity is genuinely valued and vigilantly nurtured." (Hickman, n.d.). So it is extremely important to nurture diversity in order to achieve the desired results of meeting the needs of a diverse marketplace, especially in the context of global markets. 2.- Importance of Workplace Diversity. Technological advances have permitted that many companies can have an international presence, and at the same time this means that new work environments are created with a diverse workforce in those nations. Human Resource departments shouldn't be biased according to gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, physical abilities, or nationality. According to SmallBusinessBible.org (n.d.) "The only apparatus of judgment should be educational background, work experience and expertise. Differences may prevail on an interpersonal level due to inequality in personalities, work styles, communication styles, and organizational skills." Diversity policies should be implemented in an effective and meaningful way in the work environments. An obvious importance of such policies it that it creates synergy among its employees. So creativity can be fostered in a more intelligent and efficacious manner. SmallBusinessBible.org states that "The end result of such diversity is a working environment that is inclusive. It is important for the HR

International Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 6

International Business Strategy - Essay Example In 1954, Ray Kroc saw the opportunity and took the rights to franchise the store in USA and he took the franchise as a very high rate of $950 for McDonald’s when other companies bought franchisees for only $50. McDonald’s first step to the global market was by moving to Canada in 1967. The company has looked to franchise its stores and restaurants across the different parts of the world and has spread widely across to different countries (Burrow, 2011, Pp. 98-102). The company has now become a well known renowned brand in the whole world and has high level of respect as brand across the world’s food market and also a huge brand liking and brand preference among the huge number of customers. McDonald’s has over 30,000 restaurants across the global market with its restaurants been spread in over 119 countries providing the best of service to all the customers of about 45 million people every day generating a total revenue of around $15 billion every year. This report includes the study for the international business strategy of McDonald’s and also understands the company’s policy using various marketing concepts developed by scholars which helps to know the company’s strategy to become one of the leaders in the global market (Churchill, 2009, Pp. 76-78). This report is done based on the data obtained from the secondary data from various books and also data from other secondary sources. This method f data collection is very economical and also gives a large number of sources to get valid data to understand the particular concept. This project is done over the topic of the international business strategy for the company been chosen as McDonald’s, for understanding such a concept it is needed to conduct a qualitative research (Burgemeister, 2003, Pp. 56-59). Qualitative research is best done using the secondary data. It helps to understand the concept using various theories and concepts developed by scholars and also

Reflect on the physical and social factors of vulnerability

Reflect on the physical and social factors of vulnerability I have recently undertaken a student nurse placement in a community hospital in North Wales. I was mainly employed on the care of the older person ward. This ward dealt with older people awaiting or recovering from surgery or awaiting re-housing into care facilities or their own modified house. Many of the patients could be considered vulnerable. Normal aging, illness and life experiences had increased the vulnerability of many of the patients and the coping skills of many had been severely diminished. In this essay, I will examine one of the patients I came into contact with regularly. In accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Code of Conduct (NMC 2008) all names and placement details will be concealed, and I will refer to the patient as Mr. A at all times. I will discuss Mr. As medical conditions and how and why these medical conditions have led Mr. A to be regarded as vulnerable, covering physical, social, psychological and environmental factors. Mr. A was a 67 year old gentleman who was morbidly obese. He had a BMI of over 40  kg/m2 and was bed bound. He also suffered with Aspergers Syndrome which is a type of autism mainly affecting social and communication skills. Both of these in addition with being an older person would have led to him to be vulnerable in various aspects. Vulnerability  is the susceptibility to physical or emotional injury or attack. Vulnerability refers to a persons state of being liable to succumb to  manipulation,  persuasion  or  temptation. (Bankoff, et al. 2004). A vulnerable adult is one who due to Age, Physical injury, Disability, Disease or Emotional or Developmental disorders is unlikely to be able to provide for their own basic necessities of life; they may also have an increased risk of harm or injury. This would include, but is not necessarily limited to adults who reside in long-term care facilities such as nursing homes, adult family homes, boarding homes, assisted living facilities or those who receive health care or other assistance in providing for the basic necessities of life while residing in their own home. Roper, Logan and Tierney(1980) published a nursing model outlining 12 activities of daily living that are crucial to a person basic needs, some of which are essential such as breathing, eating and drinking and others which enhance the quality of life such as work and play and expressing sexuality. When an individual becomes old, frail, ill and immobile they may be dependent on others to help them with the 12 ADLs. This can result in people feeling vulnerable. Fernandez LS et al (2002) states that impaired physical mobility, diminished sensory awareness, chronic health conditions, and social and economic limitations can result in vulnerability of the elderly to disasters such as falls or accidents. Frail elderly with serious physical, cognitive, economic, and psycho-social problems are at especially high risk. Mr. A was 67 and according to the Geriatric Pharmacology Research Group in Newcastle upon Tyne, The frail elderly are individuals, over 65 years of age, dependent on others for activities of daily living, and often in institutional care. As with Mr. A, he was 67 years old and was reliant on carers for many if not all of the Activities of Daily Living. He was also in institutional care for pressure sores. Due to all of these points Mr. A would be classed as frail elderly. Mr As problem with weight was the main cause of his hospitalisation, he stated he had weight consistently put on more and more weight over the years. He felt very responsible for his weight gain but was reluctant to do anything about it even though he was classed as morbidly obese. Obesity  is a  medical condition  in which excess  body fat  has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced  life expectancy  and/or increased health problems.  Body mass index  (BMI), a measurement which compares  weight  and height, defines people as  overweight  when their BMI is between 25  kg/m2  and 30  kg/m2, and obese when it is greater than 30  kg/m2. Mr. As obesity led him to be largely bedbound and incapable of maintaining his health, his home or personal hygiene. When Mr A was living in his own home district nurses would regularly come in to tend to his pressure sores. Pressure sores are  lesions  to the skin caused by many factors such as unrelieved  pressure and friction. These pressure sores were the result of Mr A being unable to move so constantly having to stay in the same position and thus having unrelieved pressure on different parts of his body. As Mr. A was bedbound he could not tend to his own housekeeping and his house became so untidy the district nurses found it too hard care for him in the chaotic surroundings so referred him to a community hospital. While he was in a community hospital a council funded cleaning team organized his house in order for him to be discharged back to a manageable house. Another reason that district nurses were finding Mr. A hard to manage was that he suffered from Aspergers Syndrome and would often be aggressive with the district nurses. Aspergers syndrome  is a type of autism that is characterized by difficulties in social interaction, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviour and interests. It differs from other autisms as sufferers linguistic  and  cognitive development are often fine and develop well. The exact  cause of Aspergers  is unknown.  There is no single treatment but interventions are used to improve sufferers symptoms and functions. The main treatment used is  behavioural therapy, focusing on the specific insufficiency of the patient. These tend to consist of poor communication skills, obsessive or repetitive routines, and physical clumsiness.  Most individuals improve over time, but difficulties with communication, social adjustment and  independent living  can exist and continue into adulthood.  Some people with Aspergers syndrome may become angry and aggressive, either to themselves or to other people. Sometimes when a person with Aspergers feels angry, they cannot easily pause and think of alternative strategies to resolve the situation. The rapidity and intensity of anger, often in response to a relatively trivial event, can be extreme and can get so intense, they may go into a blind rage and unable to see the signals indicating that it would be appropriate to stop. (Attwood, 2006). At the community hospital Mr. A would often get aggressive or rude when more than one nurse would be in the room. If he felt he wasnt being listened to not being involved enough he would become very agitated and start shouting. The nurses took this into account and made sure Mr. A was involved at all times with anything going on in his room. I feel this condition may have led Mr. A to inadvertently isolate himself from people and people to him. When people do not understand something they can take a negative approach to it. Mr. As outbursts would have offended some people and cause them to detach themselves. This would quite possibly be due to the fact they did not understand or know about the condition and fear of the unknown leads to negativity in some cases. (Campbell, 2006) A person who is vulnerable to isolation or social pressure may be considered as suffering from social vulnerability. When people become isolated due to illness or reduced mobility they may find it difficult to access essential services. Mr. A had a job translating books from various foreign languages into English. He did this from his laptop every day and when he was transferred to hospital he left his laptop at home. This made his feel low all the time as he said he had no purpose to his day. The nursing staff through Multi Disciplinary Team meetings reviewed his situation and decided to let him have his laptop delivered to the hospital along with internet connection and had his mail transferred, this all to allow him to continue to work which elevated his mood greatly for the remainder of his stay. He reported he was much happier at the community hospital now that he could continue with his day to day life. Mr. A also said he felt isolated due to his obesity. As people age, they often become more vulnerable, their social circumstances particularly impact their health. As with Mr A, due to his obesity he was confined to his bed and this impacted on his social circumstances. It limited anything he wanted to do socially, for example, he could not venture out of the house, and could only find small ways of interacting with society. One of these ways was through his online job; this allowed him to interact through the internet without having to leave his bed. This had both a positive and negative side. Although it allowed Mr. A to interact with people, all be it virtually, which was important in developing his social skills it did however mean he did not have to move and so made little effort in changing his lifestyle. Mr. As lifestyle choices were undoubtedly the main cause of his hospitalization. He refused to try to diet at the hospital and stated he had always been this way, never wanting to diet. Family members would bring in unhealthy food for him; they were advised against doing this but made no attempt to stop. A dietician came to evaluate Mr. A and a plan was made but not stuck to by Mr. A. He was also offered physiotherapy in the form of help to start doing small movements with his arms and legs daily but he declined. This weight problem made him vulnerable to all sorts of illnesses; one in particular that was being managed at the hospital was his pressure sores. In hospital a special bed was required to accommodate his weight and relieve his pressure sores, along with bariatric chairs, wheelchairs and hoists. Mr. As weight and inability to move made him physically vulnerable. Many of the elderly are admitted to hospital due to something caused by a physical vulnerability. A physical vulnerability is when a person has an increased risk of injury. E.g. easily brakes bones, has reduced strength, reduced movement or dexterity. Many of the patients in the community hospital were there as a result of such vulnerability and had suffered injuries resulting from falls. Some had reduced mobility which meant they needed assistance in performing one or more daily tasks such as getting in and out of bed, preparing meals and eating them, doing housework, dressing, and performing personal hygiene. According to Holden and Smeeding sixteen percent of the elderly need help with at least one of these conditions. Elderly persons subject to two or more of the five they deemed insecure; those facing three or more were considered extremely insecure. Those people who are totally dependent on social services for survival are already economically and socially marginalized and require additional support at all times. Mr. A needed help with all physical activities, he was washed, dressed, fed, and cared for all by nurses and carers. He stated that because he could not do anything for himself he had no quality of life in the community hospital and although he was bedbound at home as well, he did have home comforts and had developed methods of reaching things he needed and wanted, such as a pik-stick. These new surroundings may have made Mr. A feel environmentally Vulnerable. Environmental vulnerability is when a person suffers reduced quality of life caused by external conditions and surroundings. The transfer to the community hospital was a major change of environment for Mr. A as he had to get used to new surroundings, new methods, and new people and as he has limited movement he stated he all the new goings on made him feel rather helpless as all he could do was press the bell and wait if he needed something. This was understandable and it was explained to Mr A in great detail the goings on, routines and layout of the hospital to try and overcome his worries. Brubaker (1987) tells of how having a major lifestyle change such as having to come to hospital for a long period of time can make the patient feel as though there dignity is being taken away from them. This was noticeable with Mr. A. When he was first admitted to hospital, he resisted being washed on many occasion. This may have been due to there being many new nurses and carers that he was not used to. He may have felt shy and undignified having to be washed in his hospital bed my many different workers. This was overcome by making sure his door was always closed, windows and curtains shut, nurses and carers would also introduce themselves, ask for consent and talk Mr. A through the procedure, all in order to make him feel more comfortable. This seemed to cease his worries and he started to allow the staff to wash him on a daily basis. One major concern of Mr. As was the time it took from when he pressed the bell in the hospital or the emergency bell in his house to the time a nurse or carer got to him. He would panic during this period and this impacted greatly on his psychological well being leaving him psychologically vulnerable. Psychological Vulnerability is when someone is vulnerable to emotional or behavioural harm. While Mr. A was in the community hospital calming and relaxation techniques were taught to him to try and overcome his anxiety. He was taught deep breathing techniques and stated he found this particularly beneficial. Every time he started to feel anxious and worried he could now use these new techniques which take his mind of the worry and keep him calm. While I was working at the hospital I saw a huge change in Mr. As behaviour in terms of anxiety. He became much less aggressive when having to wait for a nurse.   There were many elderly residents at the community hospital that suffered many different types of psychological vulnerability. Many of the frail elderly who had suffered falls lost their confidence completely. One female patient told me that she did not want to go home as she did not feel she could cope. She did not feel safe in her home but would not want to move to a residential home. This must be a very distressing time and it is hard to reassure patients in this mind set. Through the MDT meetings it was decided that Mr. A would have to go to a residential home as it would not be safe for him to go home. Mr. A felt he would not enjoy being in residential and was completely opposed to the idea. However, three workers from the residential home came to speak to Mr. A, he was taken to view the residential home and his room, the Doctors and Nurses at the community hospital spoke to Mr. A at length and gave him time to voice his questions and concerns. With time Mr. A seemed to come around to the idea and realise it was the best option for him and by the end of my student placement Mr. A told me he was looking forward to moving out of the community hospital and into the residential home. I have outlined Mr. As conditions and how he was affected by physical, psychological, sociological and environmental vulnerability. Over the seven weeks I was in the community hospital alot was done to conquer Mr As vulnerability and re-merge him into society. Community hospitals are designed to reduce the risks to people who are vulnerable to social, physical, environmental and psychological injury. Hospitals have special floors, showers, seats and beds. They have controlled heating, lighting, diets, they encourage interaction between patients and with visitors (at certain times during the day) thus reducing social isolation. Highly trained staff monitor and review patients regularly to ensure they are receiving the best care and the support needed to leave hospital and to prevent their return. This all minimises the risk of patients feeling vulnerable and helps them to have a fast recovery and rehabilitation.

ViVa! Vienna! Essay -- Event Planning

Small children shriek at the excitement of experiencing toddler rides at ViVa! Vienna!. Teenagers scream as they cling to their seats on the scary rides. Adults scrutinize the intricate crafts on sale at vendor booths along an historic street. People of all ages enjoy the food court, a veritable United Nations of tastes. Parents appreciate the fact that there is no cost to attend ViVa! Vienna! Music fans soak up the sounds of a wide variety of free music to suit everyone’s taste. These statements, you are probably thinking, describe events at different festivals, different locations, and different parks where you would have to pay big bucks just to get in. For all these statements describe one event: ViVa! Vienna!, a three-day festival of food, crafts, music, carnival rides and community spirit, held annually along historic Church Street in Vienna, from Lawyers Road to Mill St., with the old Vienna Train Station and Caboose serving as the anchor. Now in its 27th year, ViVa! Vienna! will return on Memorial Day Weekend, Saturday, May 29 through Monday, May 31, 2010. Carnival rides, along with the carnival food traditions of popcorn, kettle corn, and funnel cakes, will round out the fare. On Sunday and Monday of Memorial Day Weekend, Church Street will be closed to traffic from Lawyers Road to Mill Street to allow booths for artisans, retail vendors, political parties and candidates, professional groups, and community organizations. Local vendors will offer a variety of foods, including pizza, barbecue, hot dogs and hamburgers, Italian sausage, as well as food traditions from countries around the world. â€Å"ViVa! Vienna! is produced and sponsored by the Vienna Rotary Club in concert with title co-sponso... ...c material, such as that found in computers and monitors, from landfills reduces environmental contamination,† said Eichert. â€Å"Helping the environment is the right thing to do and Navy Federal is pleased to offer this service to the community.† ‘Service above Self’ is the Rotary motto and ViVa! Vienna! provides the vehicle to serve the community with this celebration and then to help charitable organizations serve specific groups. The ViVa! Vienna www.vivaviennava.org provides information it also provides information and lists of sources for those who have additional questions. Become a ViVa! Vienna! Facebook Fan at http://www.facebook.com/vivavienna â€Å"Not only is this a fun weekend for all family members, it is a worthy cause,† said Jim Marshall. â€Å"Come out and see for yourself. I’m betting you will have a good time – no matter what your age.† # # # ViVa! Vienna! Essay -- Event Planning Small children shriek at the excitement of experiencing toddler rides at ViVa! Vienna!. Teenagers scream as they cling to their seats on the scary rides. Adults scrutinize the intricate crafts on sale at vendor booths along an historic street. People of all ages enjoy the food court, a veritable United Nations of tastes. Parents appreciate the fact that there is no cost to attend ViVa! Vienna! Music fans soak up the sounds of a wide variety of free music to suit everyone’s taste. These statements, you are probably thinking, describe events at different festivals, different locations, and different parks where you would have to pay big bucks just to get in. For all these statements describe one event: ViVa! Vienna!, a three-day festival of food, crafts, music, carnival rides and community spirit, held annually along historic Church Street in Vienna, from Lawyers Road to Mill St., with the old Vienna Train Station and Caboose serving as the anchor. Now in its 27th year, ViVa! Vienna! will return on Memorial Day Weekend, Saturday, May 29 through Monday, May 31, 2010. Carnival rides, along with the carnival food traditions of popcorn, kettle corn, and funnel cakes, will round out the fare. On Sunday and Monday of Memorial Day Weekend, Church Street will be closed to traffic from Lawyers Road to Mill Street to allow booths for artisans, retail vendors, political parties and candidates, professional groups, and community organizations. Local vendors will offer a variety of foods, including pizza, barbecue, hot dogs and hamburgers, Italian sausage, as well as food traditions from countries around the world. â€Å"ViVa! Vienna! is produced and sponsored by the Vienna Rotary Club in concert with title co-sponso... ...c material, such as that found in computers and monitors, from landfills reduces environmental contamination,† said Eichert. â€Å"Helping the environment is the right thing to do and Navy Federal is pleased to offer this service to the community.† ‘Service above Self’ is the Rotary motto and ViVa! Vienna! provides the vehicle to serve the community with this celebration and then to help charitable organizations serve specific groups. The ViVa! Vienna www.vivaviennava.org provides information it also provides information and lists of sources for those who have additional questions. Become a ViVa! Vienna! Facebook Fan at http://www.facebook.com/vivavienna â€Å"Not only is this a fun weekend for all family members, it is a worthy cause,† said Jim Marshall. â€Å"Come out and see for yourself. I’m betting you will have a good time – no matter what your age.† # # #

Man Warms Up The Earth Essay

Abstract Many causes of global warming have been theorized by scientists and researchers for decades.   Some say it is caused by natural causes like orbital planetary alignments and geothermal progression of the earth while there are many who contradict by saying that man has brought it upon himself through his constant abuse of the environment. Economical and political principles add up to the confusing problem being focused on. Whatever the causes may truly be, global warming is already causing enough trouble for mankind and everything should be done to stop or slow it down. Man Warms Up The Earth   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Global warming is a very sensitive issue in the scientific field.   Many scientists and environmentalists are doing their best to create programs for governments and communities to become more aware of human activities that are aggravating the situation. Many people believe that industrialization and other capitalist concerns have to stop or slacken its pace to rehabilitate the damaged environment.   There are those, however, who also believe that nature is simply running its usual course and that man does not have any way to stop it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The debates have grown mostly in favor of those who believe that man causes global warming.   A large number of studies have already been released and reported through different media like television, radio, newspapers, scientific journals, magazines, etc.   Countries have already tried to address the problem by convening through agreements like the Kyoto Protocol and the Montreal Protocol.   Assessments of these activities, however, do not always show that the agreements have been enough to really create change in the damage mankind has been doing to his environment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These studies, agreements and activities lead to the conclusion that global warming and earth’s destruction is inevitable and coming too fast.   It creates a sense of panic for those who would read and listen to the debates being engaged in by scientists and environmentalists. This paper seeks to know the real causes of global warming and to conclude whether man truly gives a great contribution to the issue. What is global warming?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Global warming pertains to the increasing hot temperature within the planet.   According to scientific studies, carbon dioxide and methane gases collect in the atmosphere and form a sort of thick blanket that traps the heat within the earth. When heat is trapped, the resulting climate becomes warmer and changes the natural temperature and weather of the planet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although global warming seems just a simple change towards hotter temperatures, its effects can be devastating.   Warmer temperatures can make glaciers melt which can cause the release of greenhouse gases and unavoidable water shortages in certain areas of the globe.   The melting ice can also cause big floods that can drown out many parts of the world.    Warmer sea surfaces can lead to more serious hurricanes. The rising temperature also causes the increase of pests and the diseases that come along with it. The change in temperature can also affect the many habitats of the 30 million other creatures on earth and further their extinction which will upset the ecological balance even more. Man may be the only driving force towards these changes yet these affect the total population of the whole world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to different scientists, global warming has two major causes: natural and man-made or anthropogenic. Natural Causes – Theories and Myths?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Global warming, some scientists believe, is a predicament that is inevitable because of the earth’s cycle of climate changes and natural emission of greenhouse gases by living creatures. Evidences have been given to show that these factors are the main cause of the issue.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Climate Change Cycle. Scientists say that the earth changes its climate every thousands of years although there are variations to the number being projected.   There are those who believe that the cycle is every 40,000 years but according to the studies made by Tom Scheffelin (2007), a member of the California Air Resources Board, the climate cycles may be within periods of 1,800 years. He argues that based on marine scientist, Otto Pettersson, the relation of the sun with the orbital alignment of the earth and its moon occurs in the suggested period and this causes the alteration of underwater movement which in turn results to a modified ocean temperature change that consequently revises climate. Pettersson’s theory is based on his own review of many studies including Peter Freuchen’s Book of the Seven Seas (2003) which gives concrete observations and evaluations of tidal cycles. This theory was supported by Dr. Charles Keeling, a carbon dioxide scientist, through his research entitled, â€Å"The 1,800-Year Oceanic Tidal Cycle: A Possible Cause of Rapid Climate Change,† which gives many analysis of ice-core and deep-sea sediment-core records regarding the past million years. According to these theories, the planet shall continue to warm up until the year 2350 and may only return to its current state of temperature after around 900 years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Carbon Dioxide Emissions. Living creatures naturally emit carbon dioxide as a product of breathing in oxygen.   Also according to Scheffelin, current carbon dioxide emissions should not be affecting climate change towards global warming as other scientists propose.   â€Å"Carbon dioxide levels track temperature changes between 300 to 1,000 years after the temperature has changed. â€Å" (par. 8) This simply means that carbon dioxide responds to normal biological activity and does not create changes in the earth’s climate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Methane Gas Emissions and the Arctic Tundra. Some scientists believe that the Arctic Tundra’s gradual thawing is a natural phenomenon and should not cause concern. These researchers theorize that the geothermal heat radiating from the core of the earth is causing the oceans to get warmer.   While this is happening, the ocean slowly stops absorbing carbon dioxide at its present rate.    This is a cause for concern because the carbon dioxide content of oceans are fifty times greater than the amount in the atmosphere. Therefore, even if only a two percent decrease rate happens, the amount contained by the atmosphere shall double and cause the oceans to increase its hot temperature even more. There are also theories that say that if the shallow Arctic Ocean will get warmer, it shall release more methane gas which will eventually make the atmosphere even warmer. Al Gore, in his book, The Shadow Our Future Throws (2006), explains that this can cause a great acceleration for global warming. When the tundra begins to thaw, methane gases will be emitted to the atmosphere and â€Å"each methane molecule is twenty times more effective as a greenhouse gas than each molecule of carbon dioxide.† (p. 53) Man-Made Causes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many causes of global warming are currently being attributed to man’s own destruction of his environment. Specific causes include fossil fuel burning, pollution, population, poor knowledge of environmental use and economic policies that threaten our natural resources.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fossil Fuel Burning. According to scientists, the burning of fossil fuels release carbon dioxide molecules into the air and these form a thick blanket that traps heat within the planet.   Fossil fuel is needed for many of the machines and transportation vehicles that man is using for economic development. Without fossil fuel, industries will not be able to flourish and the economies of many countries will fall.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Carbon dioxide is not the only greenhouse gas that attributes to the entrapment of heat within the earth. Fossil fuels, as the name implies, are resources that have to be uncovered from the earth’s layers underground. Digging up fossil fuel not only releases carbon dioxide but also methane, another greenhouse gas.   Continual excavation for fuel and the resulting release of greenhouse gases is therefore dangerous.   However, digging up these greenhouse gases is only the start of the problem because the conversion of fossil fuel and its use also result to pollution that adds to the growing problem of global warming.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pollution. Air pollution is one of the greatest concerns of environmentalists.   Scientists who support these ecologically concerned groups say that emissions from cars and other vehicles that use fossil fuel are worsening global warming. According to the Natural Resources Defense Council (2007), automobiles are the second largest source of carbon emissions which creates around 1.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide yearly from the United States alone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From another part of the planet, Asians have also studied their own contribution to the problem of carbon dioxide emissions.   In a study made by Dollaris Suhadi and his colleagues (2005) from the environmental studies faculty of Universiti Putra Malaysia, the photochemical smog in Metropolitan Jakarta is also a major contributor to the problem of air pollution.    According to researchers, photochemical smog is a condition that develops when nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOC) are created by the burning of fossil fuel and biomass and are mixed with sunlight to produce dangerous secondary gas pollutants.   Ground-level ozone is then produced.   The results of the research concludes that smog pollution potential in the location is high because of the increasing traffic emissions of ozone precursors and the meteorological conditions (warm tropic temperature, high solar radiation and calm wind conditions). (p. 118)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Coal burning is also another major contributor to air pollution.   This activity is common to many countries because it is a process necessary to get power for the operation of many machinery.  Ã‚   Coal-burning power plants are the largest U.S. source of carbon dioxide pollution — they produce 2.5 billion tons every year. (Natural Resources Defense Council, par. 1)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ozone Layer. In the 1980s, concern over the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) in chemical production was raised in relation to global warming.   According to a report published on In Focus, a newsletter propagated by the Interhemispheric Resource Center and Institute for Policy Studies, CFCs and other chemicals are destroying the ozone layer of the earth. The ozone layer is important because it blocks off enough ultra violet rays of the sun towards the earth.   Excessive exposure to the ultra violet rays causes skin cancer.   According to the report, ozone layer depletion is masking the problem of global warming because its effect on the stratosphere makes the climate seem cooler than it should.   The ozone layer simply aids in deceiving people from knowing the alarming rate at which global warming is rising.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Global warming and ozone depletion are interrelated because the rising temperature of the earth also adds to the content of water vapor in the atmosphere.   This traps infrared heat in the parts of the atmosphere nearer the earth that should have been thrown back into outer space via the stratosphere. On the average, the earth as a whole reflects around 30 percent of the total radiation back into space and a change in the amount of water vapor or any other element in the ozone layer can affect the heating or cooling of the atmosphere. (Tillery, 2007, p. 577) When the stratosphere is cooler, the increase in water vapor would have an effect on the increase of ice crystals within the ozone, concentrating on the polar regions wherein the CFCs are bound to stay.   The CFCs in the ozone near the polar region will then hasten the depletion of the ozone layer at an even faster rate. Population. The seemingly uncontrollable rise of population is another source of concern that can result to global warming. A research was made by a group of scientists from Canada and Spain, regarding the possibility of humans and domestic animals contributing highly to the problem of rising planetary temperatures.   The research was done by using allometric relationships that depict standard metabolic and defecation rates of the human and animal populations based on data that were gotten from the 2002 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations. According to the results, the â€Å"combined direct and indirect metabolic sources, estimated at 3.1 GtC year-1 have increased 7 fold since pre-industrial times and are predicted to continue to rise.† (Praire, et.al., 2007, p. 217). This therefore indicates that carbon emissions from living creatures also have a direct effect on the warming temperatures of the environment and may need to be considered for further studies involving global warming. Another cause for global warming attributed to population growth is the destruction of natural forests being done because of the need for additional housing and income.   When the population increases, the need for shelter and urbanization also increases.   These result to the need to clear up forests for villages and cities.   Trees have to be cut down to make houses and furniture.   Raw lands have to be turned into farms to create income from agriculture.   This has happened in many countries, especially the Third World nations who are grappling in order to cope up with world economy. Denudation of Forests. Forests are the very basic in the ecological system of balance. This is because much of the carbon dioxide on earth is replaced and converted into oxygen by the many trees and plants in these areas.   One of the major concerns of environmentalists is the rampant denudation of forests that could help in the balancing off of the carbon emissions of man. A great example of how forests can actually affect global climate was explained by Al Gore. â€Å"When I was flying over the Amazon rain forest in a small plane, I was struck by what happened immediately after a thunderstorm moved across an area of the forest: as soon as the rain stopped, clouds of moisture began to rise from the trees to form new rain clouds that moved west, driven by the wind, where they provided the water for new rain falling out of new thunderstorms.   An interruption of this natural process can have a magnified impact.   †¦ And when the overarching canopy of leaves is removed, the sudden warming of the forest floor leads to the release of huge quantities of methane and CO2, as a kind of biochemical â€Å"burning† takes place. (p. 51)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The example mentioned above is merely a depiction of how important forests are to mankind with respect to global warming.   The Amazon forest and the ones in Indonesia make up most of the forest reserves of the world. The importance of these forests cannot be undermined according to Franz J. Broswimmer (2002). According to this environmentalist, the top 15 underdeveloped countries who are debtors of international institutions have tripled the rates of forest denudation.   This is caused by the race towards international economic survival.   Brazil and Indonesia, for example, are some of the heaviest indebted countries who count on their virgin forests for the production of new goods that would earn their nation’s payments to world banks.   The deforestation rates of these countries have increased by 82 percent and 245 percent respectively since the 1970s. (p. 89)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The rampant increase of deforestation, without the allotment for planting new trees to replace the old ones, carry great implications in the upset of the natural ecological balance of the earth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Economic Policies. Governments of different countries have been so focused on getting their numbers right for their Gross National Products but have disregarded the usurpation of natural resources.   Many international organizations have convened to help the growth of the underdeveloped or Third World Countries but have consistently ignored the possible consequences of their agreements to the earth itself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to a study made by Julius Kenneth Ningu (2006) and his colleagues regarding the effect of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)co, the economic agreements made had a negative effect on the country’s environment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The research analyzed the activities that happened from 1994 to 2004 since the NAFTA was agreed upon. Before NAFTA, 70 percent of imports were tax free and did not result to an increase in the destruction of the environment. In fact, Mexico established monitoring programs for pollution and had environmental policies being strictly followed. However, the NAFTA forced Mexico into an economic crisis and by the end of the first year, the country’s government had to relax its environmental policies by almost 45 percent. By the year 2002, â€Å"In 2002, the costs of environmental degradation and natural resources depletion amounted to 65,934 million dollars †¦ the expenses made in the same year for protection and reduction of environmental damage generated by production activities reached an amount of 3,473 million dollars.†Ã‚   This means that only 53 percent was recovered from the depletion of the natural resources used. The bulk of the environmental degradation was generated by air pollution due to the industrial factors and automobile emissions which accounted for 79.5 percent but 2.4 percent was alluded to the problem of forest denudation because of the need for timber products. (p. 7) Taxes have been instituted for protection of the environment.   However, the damage being done is excessive compared to the gains and the government is hesitant to improve these conditions due to the problem of the economy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Robert Suzuki, a staunch environmentalist, criticizes the point of view of economists with the disregard for the environment.   According to his book, The Suzuki Reader (2003), economists continue to ignore the problems that their policies are making for the environment in lieu of monetary gains. â€Å"†¦global economics is ultimately destructive because it is fatally flawed: it externalizes the natural capital and services that keep us alive while glorifying human inventiveness as if it allows us to escape finite limits and manage our biophysical surroundings; it assumes that endless growth is possible and necessary and represents progress; it does not value long-term social and ecological sustainability; it rejects caring, cooperation, and sharing as irrational while promoting selfishness; and it cannot incorporate the reality of spiritual needs.† (p. 93)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The need for global economists to unite with environmentalists is great if global warming is to be averted or slowed down.   Many studies have already been made to point out that economics plays a major role in the activities of mankind that directly affect the destruction of the environment which causes changes in the earth’s climate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lack of Education. One of the worst problems that is wreaking havoc on the environment is lack of education.   Although many studies have already been made to note that many of human activities are endangering every one’s survival on the planet, many people are still unaware that the lifestyle being promoted by capitalism does so. Most of the educational information being propagated in schools are related to pollution but the increased demand for progress ultimately sets these principles aside. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Man’s own industrial progress is making the earth a terrible place to live in   – whether these are causing global warming or not.   The activities being made in the name of economics is feeding on the natural warming of the earth. Some may say that orbital alignments of the earth, moon and sun give rise to the eventual thawing of the arctic tundra.   However, the increased release of methane and carbon dioxides due to pollution is aggravating it.   This problem would not have been so serious if man were disciplined enough to put ecological balance upright by replacing the natural resources that has been continually depleted for his need for progress. Global warming is already existent even when scientists debate on its causes.   Natural causes are unavoidable and will continue to exist even if man tries to stop them. However, man-made causes are totally in human control.   Air pollution and denudation of forests are increasingly adding to the number of problems that global warming is not even part of.   Sicknesses like lung cancer and chronic coughs are caused by air pollution.   Denudation of forests lead to the deaths of many people because of the landslides and flashfloods it causes. Pestilence and the accompanying illnesses that are produced by it are also because of the rampant deforestation that many governments are ignorantly encouraging for national development.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The issue of global warming is only one among the basic problems that man has to resolve due to undisciplined acts of torturing the environment.   Aggravating natural causes to the warming of the earth is still a major reason for concern and capitalism will never be a good excuse for destroying the only planet humans and the other 30 million creatures can live on.    References Broswimmer, F.J. (2002). â€Å"Ecocide and Globalization.† Ecocide: A Short History of the Mass   Extinction of Species. London: Pluto. Gore, A. (2006). The Shadow Our Future Throws. New York: Rodale. Pp. 36 – 55. Natural Resources Defense Council. (2007). Issues: Global Warming. Retrieved March 3, 2008,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   from http://www.nrdc.org/globalWarming/f101.asp Ningu, J.K., Jacome, J.T., Silva Gomez, S.E. and Aviles, R.P. (2006). The Effects of North   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   America Free Trade Agreement on Mexican Environmental Policy (1994-2004).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   American Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol. 2(1). Pp. 5-8. Praire, Y.T. and Duarte, C.M. (2007). Direct and Indirect Metabolic CO2 Release by Humanity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Biogeosciences, Vol. 4, pp. 215 – 217. Scheffelin, T. (2007). Global Warming Causes Carbon Dioxide – Erroneous Scientific   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Consensus Stifles Progress. Design News. Retrieved March 3, 2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.designnews.com/article/CA6493634.html Suhadi, D.R. Awang, M., Hassan, M.N., Abdullah, R. and Muda, A.H. (2005). Review of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Photochemical Smog Pollution in Jakarta Metropolitan, Indonesia. American Journal of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Environmental Sciences, 1(2), p. 110 – 118. Suzuki, D. (2003). Hubris of Global Economics, Economics and Politics. The Suzuki Reader.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Vancouver:Greystone. Tillery, B. (2007). Physical Science. New York: McGraw-Hill. Annotated Bibliography Broswimmer, F.J. (2002). â€Å"Ecocide and Globalization.† Ecocide: A Short History of the Mass   Extinction of Species. London: Pluto. The book is about how global economy is actually hastening the depletion of the earth’s natural resources.   The author believes that a thriving global economy is not the most important thing that should concern mankind.   It is the opinion of the writer that the environment should be the priority because it is our primary source for survival. Gore, A. (2006). The Shadow Our Future Throws. New York: Rodale. Pp. 36 – 55. This book is about how mankind’s activities are affecting the environment.   It uses specific examples experienced by the author to show the importance of ecological balance.   It also gives theories like the â€Å"feedback† loop to show how each activity (man-made or natural) has interrelated effects on life and habitat. Natural Resources Defense Council. (2007). Issues: Global Warming. Retrieved March 3, 2008,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   from http://www.nrdc.org/globalWarming/f101.asp The article is meant to make people understand the basic information about global warming.   It includes statistics and explanations on the causes and effects of global warming.   It also ventures to suggest that the U.S. government has the ability to impose change on the world when it comes to ecological concerns because it is the top-most contributor to the damage of the habitat. Ningu, J.K., Jacome, J.T., Silva Gomez, S.E. and Aviles, R.P. (2006). The Effects of North   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   America Free Trade Agreement on Mexican Environmental Policy (1994-2004).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   American Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol. 2(1). Pp. 5-8. This research is about the negative effects of Mexico’s economic policies on the environment.   It sought to discover how much damage has been caused in lieu of progress.   The research criticized that the Mexican government has to double its initiative in caring for the environment but is constrained by the need to uphold economic principles. Praire, Y.T. and Duarte, C.M. (2007). Direct and Indirect Metabolic CO2 Release by Humanity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Biogeosciences, Vol. 4, pp. 215 – 217. This research tried to analyze the difference between the natural carbon dioxide emissions of humans and animals in the pre-industrial era to the current situation.   The researchers made use of recognized international organizational statistics to show the difference. Scheffelin, T. (2007). Global Warming Causes Carbon Dioxide – Erroneous Scientific   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Consensus Stifles Progress. Design News. Retrieved March 3, 2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.designnews.com/article/CA6493634.html This article is made to show how environmentalists and scientists are creating panic over a natural phenomenon such as global warming.   The article reveals studies made by other scientists who believe that the earth is merely undergoing a climate cycle that has been in place due to natural causes. The article sought to contradict other scientists and criticized that people are being made to panic when there is nothing that can be done anyway. Suhadi, D.R. Awang, M., Hassan, M.N., Abdullah, R. and Muda, A.H. (2005). Review of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Photochemical Smog Pollution in Jakarta Metropolitan, Indonesia. American Journal of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Environmental Sciences, 1(2), p. 110 – 118. The research is about how ground-ozone is created in Jakarta and its effect on smog pollution levels.   The research shows that the major contributor for smog pollution is the automobile use.   It also showed that weather or climate conditions can intensify the rate of smog pollution. Suzuki, D. (2003). Hubris of Global Economics, Economics and Politics. The Suzuki Reader.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Vancouver:Greystone. This book is a compilation of many articles written by the author regarding the effect of global economy and politics on the environment.   It cites many instances wherein the government policies for economic progress have harmed man’s habitat.   It also seeks to find economists who should help in the environmental cause because the author believes that the economy is actually based on its natural resources that could be depleted if not taken care of properly.

National Health Service Reorganization Essay Example

National Health Service Reorganization Essay Example National Health Service Reorganization Paper National Health Service Reorganization Paper This paper is concerned with the major changes, which have taken place in the National Health Service (NHS) following the NHS and Community Care Act 1990. Any UK government is faced with a long list of health issues, this list would include macro questions such as the relationship of the National Health Service (NHS) to broader policies which might affect the health of the population and how to finance and staff health services. The NHS has gone through many stages of development in the last century, however the 1990 act introduced the most radical accounting control system since the birth of the NHS. Much accounting research has been developed on this topic and this paper will bring together some of their findings. By the late 1980’s general management in the NHS was in full force, and expectations of ‘management discipline’ were high, however there were a series of recurrent crisis. These crises were particularly evident in the hospital services and were caused by a combination of scarcity of compatible resources and an infinite demand for health care. Through a fundamental view of operations in 1989, two reviews were drawn up by the department of health, ‘working for patients’ and ‘caring for people’ (DoH, 1989a, 1989b), and these formed the basis of the NHS and Community Care Act 1990. The main focus of the impact was the concept of the internal market. This essentially involved the separation of two of the main functions of the NHS, purchasing and providing. Purchasing is defined as the buying of health services to satisfy local needs and providing, is defined as the day to day business of delivering that care. The purchasing agencies are provided with a budget which reflects their defined population, from which they must identify health needs, plan ways to satisfy them while ensuring the quality of the service. When the purchaser identifies their requirements, they produce a contract with the providers, who in turn invoice the purchaser for the materials and services provided. This illustrates the ‘Quasi-market’ in operation, a Quasi-market being a market which seems to exist but doesn’t really. Flynn (1993) described the internal markets in the NHS as a mechanism to match supply with demand, and allow hospitals to compete on price and quality to attract patients. This new ideology of governance of the NHS has changed dramatically, especially through the Thatcher administration. Harrison (1997) describes how there are three ways of co-ordinating the activities of a multiplicity organisation, through markets, clans and hierarchies. Clans and hierarchies are based on using the process of co-operation to produce an ordered system of outcomes. The historic NHS was built very much around them; a combination of bureaucracy and professional culture; labelled as ‘professional bureaucracy’ by Pugh and Hichson (1976). The new NHS is now reflected as having a market orientated organisation. The reformed NHS was established on 1st April 1991. On that day the internal market became operational, it’s main features were, that there is a fixed level of ‘demand’ whose total is determined by NHS funding, trading takes place among a large number of buyers and sellers, and there is competition among suppliers. In this market it should be expected that managers respond with price, quality and branding as weapons of competitive behaviour (Flynn 1993). Llewellyn (1993) described the introduction of an ‘internal’ or ‘Quasi-market’ in health and social care, as a reaction to and was practically enabled, by an expanding population. Her research that looked at two factors, which forced reform in the NHS, demographic trends and technological advancement. The first factor focused on the growing problem facing nation states in the developed world is that of an ageing population and hence a greater dependence on the NHS in future years. Between 1961 and 1990 the percentage of the UK population over sixty five increased by one third and the numbers aged eighty five and over, more than doubled (Population Trends 1992). The second factor looked at the advancing technology of medical care across the developed world, which offered a new range of medical services and techniques. These advances however caused a problematic escalation in the supply and demand for medical treatment, and therefore total cost of that treatment to the purchaser. The basic rationale of her paper, was how the introduction of a market into health care causes an anticipated stimulus to competition and hence constant improvement in resource allocation and cost management. Hood (1994) identified two aims of the government in office as regard to the public sector, first the desire to lessen or eliminate differences between modes of private and public sector organisation. Secondly, the intention of exerting more control over the actions of public sector professionals. However, to discuss the first aim it is important to realise that there is a fundamental difference between developing a customer orientation in the private sector and a user orientation system in the public services (Flynn 1993). Private sector problems tend to be in efforts to market their products or services to the consumer, usually in competition with other firms. Whereas, public sector problems tend to be trying to deter too many people using their services, as opposed to attracting them. Therefore, this produces a fundamental problem in the trying to eliminate these aspects. Several issues caused the government desire not only to control, but also to make resource usage more efficient. Firstly the deepening public sector problems had to be addressed, and the adoption of more accountable systems seemed a perfect solution. There was also the desire not only to be able to control but also reduce public expenditure. Finally, political promises were made to reduce the share of public expenditure in National Income, to curtail the range of functions being performed by government, whilst also seeking to improve, nurture and stimulate the business attitudes and practices necessary to re-launch Britain as a successful capitalist economy, this was a conservative attitude. The government therefore promoted the view that accountable management reforms are needed for the public sector to be more accountable to those who receive, pay for or monitor public services; to provide services in a more effective, efficient and publicly responsible fashion (Humphrey 1991). The emergence of an internal market for health services inevitably resulted in the emergence of various accounting techniques, their purpose was to act as a stimulus to ensure efficient allocation of resources and to minimise costs. The increasing competition derived from this market created a need for management control systems. Hood (1994) categorised international accountable management as having up to seven dimensions, for government implementation of a system in the public sector. First, that it sought a greater disaggregation of public sector organisations, secondly, it would be searching for a stronger competitive use of private sector management techniques. Thirdly, a heavier emphasis on efficiency of resource usage, fourthly, reforms in accountability management. Fifthly a clearer specification of input/output relationships, sixthly, a greater use of measurable performance standards and targets, and finally, the use of ‘hands on’ management of staff in control. These categories relate to Hood’s (1994) two aims, discussed previously, with the first three dimensions relating to his first aim of eliminating differences of public and private sector organisations. The four are geared towards the second aim of control. Hood’s research was based on a comparative study of cross-national experience of accountable management reforms. Arguably the views on the adoption of management control systems in the public sector depends on our position in society. As our society is more focused on markets, competitiveness and efficiency, it is likely that accounting techniques will play an important role, however, the importance of keeping the welfare of our society should be first and foremost. After all the goals of public sector organisations should differ from those in the private sector (e. g. they should not be profit maximisers). The objective of the NHS as an organisation remains unchanged since the reforms, in terms of securing an improvement in the state of the health of the population. However, it is now faced with the dilemma, that the means of achieving this greater improvement has been surfaced with financial considerations (Mellett 1998). One of the consequences of the reforms carried out on the NHS, after the NHS and Community Care Act 1990, is that at the level of health care delivery, it has been fragmented into over 500 separate trusts. Each of these trusts is a clearly defined autonomous unit which has an obligation to monitor performance in terms of both finance and patient care activity (Clatworthy et al 1997). This was the governments preferred mode of organisation and it becomes universal along with the associated accounting regime (Mellet 1998). Mellett (1998), looked at how the revised accounting system operated within trusts, and found that their procedures included a system of capital accounting; it’s objective was to increase the awareness of health service managers of the cost of capital and the incentive to use that capital efficiently. However, introducing a new control system into an organisation, and also the fact the management team are unlikely to have experience in it’s application, could lead to several implementing problems and introduce another element of risk. Preston et al (1992) emphasis, that when a new accounting method is introduced, it is naive to assume that by simply assembling the components of a system, that the desired or officially intended outcome will be achieved. Since 1979 the UK government has tended to favour private sector management styles and culture (Flynn 1992), although there has been many debates about the different contrasts between the adaptable, dynamic, entrepreneurial private sector management styles and the bureaucratic, cautious, inflexible, rule bound public sector management. Could this be due to the strain on public sector managers, who work on a tight budget, and also that scope for reward in expanding the organisation is limited. So can we compare managers in the public sector with those in the private sector, for example accountability structures make managers jobs different from those of the private services. A public service manager for example, could be instructed to keep a hospital open, while the regional authorities may have different ideas and wish the hospital to close. This dubious accountability has no resemblance to the private sector, where managers are ultimately accountable to shareholders (Flynn 1992). An important part of managerial work in the public sector involves managing the relationship between the organisation and the political process. Therefore, the government is faced a health policy dilemma; how to reconcile increasingly flexible NHS management and greater freedom to become competitive, with requirements for manageability of the NHS, for public accountability, and for political management (Sheaff et al 1997). The government then introduced a process to set about placing former private sector directors, into director positions of NHS trusts. Therefore directly introducing private sector experience into public sector management. However, Sheaff et al (1997) research, found that board members of trusts, with a predominant NHS background were likely to be less conservative, more flexible and less risk adverse than those with a non-NHS background. This highlights the emphasis put on different management styles associated with the public and private sector, and puts into doubt these classifications when developing the ‘strategy of managerialism’ for the NHS. The new era of the NHS has left managers of trusts faced with a new dilemma, they are now accountable to producing two sets of information, finance activity and patient care activity. Clatworthy (1993) identified three users of this information, the electorate, the consumers of the public service and central government politicians. All these groups will have an interest in the NHS, but their concerns are likely to focus on different aspects of this information. This gives the managers the task of balancing two incompatible goals. As part of the NHS, trusts are charged with the intangible task of improving the state of the nations health, while also having to remain financially viable (Clatworthy 1993). Jackson (1985) perceives that by their very nature, performance indicators motivate individuals and cause them to modify their behaviour in order to meet the targets set. Could this give rise to anxieties of how managers could react to potentially bad results? Published performance indicators issued cover aspects such as percentage of patients seen by a hospital within 13 weeks. Looking at this as an example; this indicator could be enhanced by treating as a priority those that have been waiting longest, but these patients may not be those, whose health status would benefit most from treatment (Clatworthy 1993). It could be argued that in the pursuit of a goal, managers lower the possible increase in overall welfare. These performance indicators, both financial and patient care are produced in an annual report, although superficially similar to it’s private sector counterpart it is not addressed to an audience which can exercise control. Unlike a private sector shareholders meeting, the directors of the public sector trust cannot be removed from their position by a voting process, so it’s existence can be perceived as not a tool of control. This paper has analysed the introduction of the new reforms taken place in the NHS in the early nineties. The reasons for change were identified as being the change in the demographic structure of the UK population and the increased emphasis of technological advancement in medical health care, and their effect on the financial burden of the health service to the government. Changes brought about were to increase cost effectiveness and encourage efficient use of the scarce resources available to the NHS. Due to the competitive nature of the internal market, many management control techniques have been implemented to aid managers of designated hospital trusts to meet their budget targets. Due to the complexity of these systems, many trusts have had previously private sector managers, appointed as directors in charge of managing the budget. Many fears have been raised that these budget constraints and the introduction of performance indicators will have a detrimental effect on the health service’s ultimate aim, to improve the overall state of the nation’s health. It seems that managers are stuck in a conflict of interests, of whether to keep financial control of the trust, by cutting back in the overall service offered to the public. Finally it can be the said that the government’s main aim was to create a private sector organisation in the public sector, Mellett (1998) neatly describes with reference to the trusts; ‘Although private sector accounting techniques and controls based on them have been introduced at the level of the trust as an entity, their relevance must be placed in the context of the fact that the NHS is in the public sector. Which means that it still subject to requirement to operate within an annual cash limit set as part of the public expenditure policy survey. ’ REFERENCES Clatworthy, M. Mellett, H. (1997) Managing health and finance: Conflict or Congruence? Public Money and Management Oct-Dec pp 41-46 Farnham, D. Horton, S. (1995) Managing the new public services (3rd edn) (Macmillan Press Ltd) Flynn, N. (1993), Public Sector Management (2nd edn) (Harvestor Wheatsheaf, Hemel Hempstead) Harrison, S. (1997) Health – The agenda for an incoming government, Public Money and Management Apr-Jun pp 27-31 Hood, C. (1994) ‘The new public management in the 1980’s, Accounting, Organisations and Society. Humphrey, C. (1991) Accountable management in the public sector in chap 9 in issues in management accounting ed. Dashton, T Hopper RW Scapens, Prentice Hall 1991. Llewellyn, S. (1993) Linking costs with quality in health and social care: new challenge for management accounting, Financial Accountability and Management, Vol 9 No 3, Aug 1993 Preston, AM. Cooper, DJ. Coombs, RW (1992) ‘Fabricating budgets: A study of the production of management budgeting in the NHS’, Accounting, Organisations and Society Vol 17, No 6 pp 561-93 Sheaff, R. West, M. (1997) Marketization, managers and moral strain: Chairman, Directors and public service ethos in the National Health Service, Public Administration Vol. 75 Summer 1997 pp 189-206

Holidays of Spanish-Speaking Countries

Holidays of Spanish-Speaking Countries If youre traveling to a Spanish-speaking area, one thing to consider is the countrys fiestas, holidays and other celebrations. On the positive side, you may get an opportunity for an upclose look at the countrys culture and a chance to participate in activities youll see nowhere else; on the other hand, with some of the more important holidays, businesses may be closed, public transportation may crowded and hotel rooms may be difficult to reserve. Spring Holidays Because of the Roman Catholic heritage, in nearly all the Spanish-speaking world la Semana Santa, or Holy Week, the week before Easter, is among the most widely celebrated of holidays. Specific days observed include el Domingo de Ramos, or Palm Sunday, a celebration of Jesus triumphal entry into Jerusalem before his death; el Jueves Santo, which commemorates la Última Cena de Jesà ºs (the Last Supper); el Viernes Santo, or Good Friday, marking the day of Jesus death; and the weeks climax, el Domingo de Pascua or la Pascua de Resurreccià ³n, or Easter, a celebration of Jesus Resurrection. The dates of la Semana Santa vary from year to year. Winter Holidays La Navidad, or Christmas, is also universally celebrated on December 25. Related days include la Nochebuena (Christmas Eve, December 24), el dà ­a de san Esteban (St. Stephens Day, honoring the man traditionally believed to be the first Christian martyr, on December 26), el dà ­a de san Juan Evangelista (St. Johns Day, on December 27), el dà ­a de los Santos Inocentes (Day of the Innocents, honoring the babies who, according to the Bible, were ordered slaughtered by King Herod, December 28) and el dà ­a de la Sagrada Familia (the Day of the Holy Family, observed the Sunday after Christmas), culminating in la Epifanà ­a (January 6, Epiphany, the 12th day of Christmas, marking the day los magos or Wise Men arrived to see the infant Jesus). In the middle of all this is el Aà ±o Nuevo, or New Years, which typically is celebrated beginning on el Nocheviejo, or New Years Eve. Independence Holidays Most Latin American countries also celebrate an Independence Day to mark the day of separation from Spain or, in a few cases, some other country. Among the dà ­as de la independencia are February 12 (Chile), Feb. 27 (Dominican Republic), May 24 (Ecuador), July 5 (Venezuela), July 9 (Argentina), July 20 (Colombia), July 28 (Peru), August 6 (Bolivia), August 10 (Ecuador), August 25 (Uruguay), September 15 (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua), September 16 (Mexico) and November 28 (Panama). Spain, meanwhile, celebrates its Dà ­a de la Constitucià ³n (Constitution Day) on December 6. Other Days of Celebration: Dà ­a del Trabajo or Dà ­a del Trabajador - May Day or Labor Day is widely observed on May 1.Fiesta Nacional de Espaà ±a - This day, observed on October 12, marks the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Americas. It also goes by other names, including la Fiesta de la Hispanidad. In Latin America, it is often known as el Dà ­a de la Raza.Cinco de Mayo - This Mexican celebration marking a victory in the Battle of Puebla has been exported to the United States, where it is more widely observed than in Mexico.Dà ­a de la Asuncià ³n - A day commemorating the Assumption of Mary is observed in some countries on August 15.Dà ­a de la Revolucià ³n - Mexico celebrates the start of the Mexican Revolution on the third Monday of November.Dà ­a de Todos Santos - All Saints Day is widely observed on November 1.

Gangs In America Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gangs In America - Research Paper Example Tax collection is also another area of criminal activities, where most gangs in America are well established. In California, an area that is claimed to be the territory of the 18th Street gang, members of the gang will collect tax from businesses. The potential taxpayers include drug dealers, street vendors, shop owners, prostitutes and any other form of business that exist in the neighborhood. The gang members threaten to kill any person who declines to pay the tax. For example, in 1995 alone, the office of the California County District Attorney prosecuted 35 murders, which were the results of the hit made by the members of the notorious 18th Street gang for failure to pay taxes (Walker 8). As the enforcement of the law puts pressure on the violent activities in America, some of the gang members have become involved in some nonviolent criminal enterprises like creating fraudulent Immigration and Naturalization Service’s immigration cards, identification cards, credit cards and food stamps among others. For example, the Clanton Street gang was at some point active in the cellular telephone market of cloning, but this activity is declining as the days go by, because of the introduction of the digital cellular phone services. Easy access to firearms has increased the threat from gangs even greater. Not long ago, most disputes between members of a gang were solved with their fists. Nowadays, they are often solved with semiautomatic weapons and hand guns. Today, America has over 300 million guns, twice as many as in 1980.

Analysis of jungle book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis of jungle book - Essay Example These stories all contain strong moral lessons, and can also be viewed as allegories of real life, not simply the animal life that they can be read as at one level. In the story the White Seal, Kipling uses a seal to portray the conflict within our own lives, and also gives us a look into what we humans are doing to nature. Just like all his other stories, Kipling opens the White Seal Tale with a song, the Seal’s lullaby. This song, which goes as follows â€Å"Oh! hush thee, my baby, the night is behind us, And black are the waters that sparkled so green. The moon, oer the combers, looks downward to find us At rest in the hollows that rustle between. Where billow meets billow, then soft be thy pillow, Ah, weary wee flipperling, curl at thy ease! The storm shall not wake thee, nor shark overtake thee, Asleep in the arms of the slow-swinging seas!† helps set the tone for the whole selection, and also keeps with the Kipling tradition of the rest of the Jungle Book. This opening poem helps set the character for the white seal that is later introduce into the story. By including words such as â€Å"flipperling†, â€Å"rustle†, and â€Å"billow†, Kipling is able to use this poem to set the feel and mood of the rest of the piece. These tone words help set up the feelings of tranquility and peace, however it is this exact feeling that is set up here that is later disturbed. Kipling then uses the start of the story as an allegory against human beings and their many odd behaviors. He describes how the seals all flock to get the best piece of land, and spend many an months simply sitting there and fighting over the best piece of land. Looking into this, one can see the â€Å"high esteem† Kipling held for humans who fought over land, and acted just as stupidly as all of the seals did. It is also important to note that Kipling chose only